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путешествие к точке Лагранжа L1 системы Солнце — Земля
наличие в L2 телескопа Gaia
A Lissajous Orbit describes a Lissajous Curve around the Libration Point… The orbit period is about 180 days and the size of the orbit is 263,000 x 707,000 x 370,000 km.
http://blogs.esa.int/gaia/2013/09/06/gaia-goes-to-l2-whats-an-ell-two/
Initially, LPF is using ESA’s 15m tracking stations in Perth, Australia, Maspalomas, Spain, and Kourou, French Guiana. Once it is more than about 50 000 from Earth, it will use the three 35m deep-space tracking stations in Spain, Australia and Argentina. Read more about ESA’s Estrack network.
For LISA Pathfinder the Sun-ward Lagrange point L1 is selected in order to facilitate
spacecraft design with the solar panel on one side and the antenna on the other.

The Earth's umbra is ~1.4 Million km long:
About 3.7x the mean Earth-Moon distance.
Umbra's width is 9000 km at the distance of the Moon, or ~2.6x the Moon's diameter.
The biggest constraint for the Gaia mission, and the most important aspect of orbit design, is solar illumination. As the L2 point is located “behind” Earth and rotates along with Earth, the planet constantly casts a shadow at a spherical zone of 13,000 Kilometers.
Gaia can not afford to enter eclipse during its mission because it would cause a significant thermal shock to the system that would render the observatory useless. That is why Gaia has to avoid the Penumbra Zone for the duration of the science mission and extended mission. The initial orbital parameters of Gaia have been chosen so that the Lissajous Orbit evolves in a way that avoids a solar eclipse for 6.3 years which is long enough for the primary and extended Gaia mission. Placing the Gaia spacecraft close to the eclipse zone during insertion prevents the occurrence of an eclipse during the mission, the father away the initial position is from the Penumbra Zone, the quicker an eclipse occurs in the mission.
Есть рябь, а есть средний уровень. Быстрее света в данном потенциале гравитационные волны двигаться не могут: они переносят энергию.
объект уже давно пройдет за горизонт, а фотоны света, излученные им у самого горизонта и несущие последний привет, будут выбираться из окрестностей дыры тысячелетиями.
расплавленный иридий (≈ 156ºC)Где-то ошибка или опечатка — у иридия температура плавления около 2500ºC.
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