Disclaimer

All actions performed in the article are done for research and education purposes. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

Introduction

Hi Everyone.

In 2020 there was a news at 4Chan that the source code of Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 has been leaked. The code was widely spread through the Internet, including GitHub, which belongs to Microsoft. The company started to undertake the actions for code blocking and many websites and repos were excluded from the search systems.

What is the situation in 2023? Surprisingly, the sources could be found and downloaded from GitHub without any issues. It is easy to find the instructions and videos how to compile everything with the tools, which are included with the OS code.

Windows XP is one of the most favorite OS along all of the OS from Microsoft for me. It is quite fast and lightweight. At the same time, its interface is quite comfortable for work. For this reasons and since I am the C and C++ developer, it is quite interesting for me to explore the sources of this OS.

The available version of Windows XP is about 6 GB after unboxing. If we run the cloc analyzer and wait for 10 minutes, we will see the following statistics:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language                             files          blank        comment           code
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C++                                  36430        5030975        5385465       17679581
C                                    24034        4511368        4689267       14461873
C/C++ Header                         53285        2603380        2377970        7988097
Text                                  8371         588113              0        6734137
Assembly                              1542         142153         295195         559390
Windows Resource File                 6511          97268          93360         558215
IDL                                   1356          79239            259         448884
HTML                                  4755          76074          82929         376750
XML                                    607           6987           2423         361834
TNSDL                                 1154          54741            101         330732
INI                                    752          59440          22551         249914
DOS Batch                             2380          36429          21852         205067
Windows Message File                   447          33721          23142         166854
Perl                                  1005          55650          83403         144053
Pascal                                 839          28654          74852         139010
make                                  2125          20797          17273          85174
Visual Basic                           644          18993          62445          72880
Visual Basic Script                    630          17735          15022          68423
Windows Module Definition             3356          11995          10384          68263
JavaScript                             348          17176          14149          62117
ASP                                    562          11884           2473          56997
Logos                                   49           7299          10446          51327
C#                                     174           9105          12755          43936
yacc                                    20           3929           3485          23647
MSBuild script                          73             41              0          22607
Gencat NLS                              44            241              0          18130
PHP                                     70           2489            133          16066
JSX                                     13           3340            880           9911
LLVM IR                                  8            642            550           9803
sed                                    196            262             49           9549
m4                                      20           1699              0           8943
CSS                                     76           1357            269           8159
Java                                    92           2200            626           7791
XSLT                                    55           1324            573           7777
SWIG                                    13           1936            384           7606
SQL                                     34           1343           1667           7506
Expect                                  11           1962              1           7432
Forth                                    6            279             44           6086
Qt                                      29           1237              0           5827
Oracle Forms                             7           1252              0           5811
GLSL                                     1              2              0           5728
lex                                     24            999            262           5494
CSV                                     17             23              0           5055
awk                                     92            523            178           4321
Ruby                                     3            276              0           3755
DAL                                      3            278              2           3747
Prolog                                   3            278             46           3714
Verilog-SystemVerilog                    3            282             44           3699
Lisp                                     4            304            216           3650
Visual Basic .NET                       11            399            652           3591
SKILL                                    1            335              0           2850
Mathematica                             36            142              0           2135
DTD                                     22            621            407           2087
Ring                                    14            343            355           1854
ASP.NET                                  4            312             13           1756
Bourne Shell                            10            240            273           1642
Igor Pro                                 3              0              0           1494
Visual Studio Solution                  70              0              0           1415
Markdown                                 1              5              0           1407
D                                       14            320           3649            882
XSD                                      9             76            174            734
Oracle PL/SQL                            2            222            153            656
MATLAB                                   8             66            104            560
ProGuard                                 1             60             87            505
TeX                                     16             44              0            248
WebAssembly                              2             32              0            239
Smalltalk                                5              9              0            211
R                                       10             23             19            192
ReScript                                 1              1              0            184
SAS                                      2             38             89            168
COBOL                                    1             35              2            141
Scheme                                   2              6              0            119
reStructuredText                         4              2              0             40
TypeScript                               1              0              0             33
F#                                       1              5              0             22
DenizenScript                            1              7             13              9
Nemerle                                  1              0              0              5
Oracle Reports                           1              1              0              5
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUM:                                152527       13551018       13313115       51160506
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The most of the code is written in C, C++ and assembly, which comprise 40.7 millions lines in total. From the references we can find that the available version of Windows XP contains about 70 % of the source code. Thus, the total amount of the OS code could be estimated as 58 millions lines.

It is obvious that it is impossible to analyze 41 millions lines of the code within the scope of the article. For this reason I decided to start from some small application. I choose the classical calculator. Why calculator? It is quite simple, I just would like to compile the calculator, which can make the calculations without connection to the Internet :).

At the same time, it is quite simple to compile it using the Microsoft compiler. For this reason, I decided to make a challenge and to compile it using GCC x64.

Setup of environment

We need to have the following environment:

Host with the installed Windows. In my case it is Windows 10.
Qt. I use both QtCreator and GCC port for Windows MinGW-64. I installed both with the Qt Maintanance Tool. After the setup completed, the compiler should be added to Path.
The make utility since we will use Makefile.

Compilation of calculator

If we try to analyze the amount of calculator and its dependencies code with cloc we will see the following statistics:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Language                         files          blank        comment           code
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C                                   27           1666           2737           6277
C/C++ Header                        13            213            429           1080
Windows Resource File                1             75             46            494
C++                                  1             11              1             73
XML                                  1              0              0             21
make                                 1              0              5              1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUM:                                44           1965           3218           7946
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

To build calc.exe we need to compile amount 8000 lines of code from 42 files. If we scroll the code we will see that it is quite old and it is written in 80-90th of XX century. This code is mostly C code and the files have .c extension. However, from time to time it throws exceptions and it could be compiled only with g++.

Now we can open QtCreator and import the sources of the OS. It could hang for some time since there is a huge amount of files. We need to wait 15-20 minutes.

After the import procedure has been completed, we search for the calc. The calculator sources are located at:

NT\shell\osshell\accesory\calc

If we open this folder we can see .c and .h files as well as a nt folder, where we can find the build parameters, including the list of files. Let us create a Makefile in calc folder taking the template from my previous paper about STM32 and adapt it for our case. The initial parameters we can take from nt/sources. Makefile looks like this:

Calc makefile

TARGET = calc
BUILD_DIR = build
OPT = -O0
CC = g++

C_SOURCES = calc.c      \
            input.c     \
            scicomm.c   \
            scidisp.c   \
            scifunc.c   \
            scikeys.c   \
            scimath.c   \
            scimenu.c   \
            scioper.c   \
            sciproc.c   \
            sciset.c    \
            scistat.c   \
            unifunc.c   \
            wassert.c
		
C_DEFS = -DWIN32 \
         -DW3 \
         -DWINNT \
         -DUNICODE \
         -D_UNICODE \
         -DUSE_MIRRORING

C_INCLUDES = -I..\ratpak \
             -I..\inc \

CFLAGS += $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT)

LIBS = 
LIBDIR =
LDFLAGS = $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS)

all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET)

OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@  $<

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS) Makefile
	$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@
	
clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)

Let us try to build the project with make.

Calc build output - 1

mkdir build
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/calc.o  calc.c
In file included from calc.c:29:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from calc.c:26:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/input.o  input.c
In file included from input.c:14:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from input.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scicomm.o  scicomm.c
In file included from scicomm.c:15:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scicomm.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scidisp.o  scidisp.c
In file included from scidisp.c:14:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scidisp.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scifunc.o  scifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scikeys.o  scikeys.c
In file included from scikeys.c:3:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scikeys.c:1:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scimath.o  scimath.c
In file included from scimath.c:4:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scimath.c:1:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scimenu.o  scimenu.c
In file included from scimenu.c:26:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scimenu.c:25:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scioper.o  scioper.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/sciproc.o  sciproc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/sciset.o  sciset.c
In file included from sciset.c:22:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from sciset.c:21:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scistat.o  scistat.c
In file included from scistat.c:35:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scistat.c:33:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/unifunc.o  unifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/wassert.o  wassert.c
g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o    -o build/calc
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xa42): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xa52): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xa6b): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xa97): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xaeb): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xb19): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xb9c): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xbac): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xbc5): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xbf1): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xc45): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xc73): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xcc7): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xcd7): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xcf0): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xd1c): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xd70): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0xd9e): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.text+0x159b): undefined reference to `zerrat(_rat*)'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_zero[.refptr.rat_zero]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_zero'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_byte[.refptr.rat_byte]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_byte'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_word[.refptr.rat_word]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_word'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_dword[.refptr.rat_dword]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_dword'
build/calc.o:calc.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_qword[.refptr.rat_qword]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_qword'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x136): undefined reference to `inrat(int, wchar_t*, int, wchar_t*)'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x149): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x159): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x175): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x19b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x1e3): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/input.o:input.c:(.text+0x20b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x626): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x64e): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x680): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x6ca): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x73c): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x788): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x900): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x913): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x935): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x973): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x9e5): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xa25): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xa9c): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xaaf): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xad1): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xb03): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xb5d): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xb91): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xc02): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xc15): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xc37): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xc69): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xcc3): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xcf7): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xd51): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xd64): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xd86): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xdb8): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xe12): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xe46): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xf07): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xf1a): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xf3c): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xf6e): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xfc8): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0xffc): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1373): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1386): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x13a8): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x13da): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1434): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1468): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1556): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1569): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x158b): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x15bd): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1617): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x164b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x17c4): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x17d7): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x17f9): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x182b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1885): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x18b9): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x192f): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x193f): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1958): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1984): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x19d8): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1a06): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1a62): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1a75): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1a97): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1ac6): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1b1a): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1b4b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1bc3): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1bd6): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1bf8): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1c2a): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1c84): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1cb8): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1db7): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1dca): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1dec): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1e2a): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1e9c): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1edc): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1f53): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1f66): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1f88): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x1fba): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2014): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2048): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x216e): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2196): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x21c8): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2212): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2284): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x22d0): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2385): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2398): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x23ba): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x23ec): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2446): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x247a): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x257f): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2592): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x25b4): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x25f2): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2664): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x26a4): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x271b): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x272e): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2750): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2782): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x27dc): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2810): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x28a8): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x28bb): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x28dd): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x291b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x298d): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x29cd): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2df9): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2e0c): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2e2e): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2e60): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2eba): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2eee): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2f59): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2f6b): undefined reference to `zerrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2fbf): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2fd2): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x2ff4): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3026): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3080): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x30b4): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3113): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3126): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3148): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x317a): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x31d4): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3208): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3262): undefined reference to `zerrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x32cb): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x32de): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3300): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3332): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x338c): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x33c0): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x341f): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3432): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3454): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3486): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x34e0): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.text+0x3514): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.rdata$.refptr.pi[.refptr.pi]+0x0): undefined reference to `pi'
build/scicomm.o:scicomm.c:(.rdata$.refptr.two_pi[.refptr.two_pi]+0x0): undefined reference to `two_pi'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x51): undefined reference to `rat_equ(_rat*, _rat*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x134): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x144): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x15d): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x189): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x1dd): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x20b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x352): undefined reference to `intrat(_rat**)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x36e): undefined reference to `rat_lt(_rat*, _rat*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x3b0): undefined reference to `subrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.text+0x3e1): undefined reference to `andrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.rdata$.refptr.fhalt[.refptr.fhalt]+0x0): undefined reference to `fhalt'
build/scidisp.o:scidisp.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_one[.refptr.rat_one]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_one'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x54): undefined reference to `fracrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x62): undefined reference to `intrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x91): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x9e): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0xb1): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0xd7): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x125): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x14d): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x1b0): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x1bc): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x1d4): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x1e0): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x232): undefined reference to `asinhrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x24b): undefined reference to `asinanglerat(_rat**, eANGLE_TYPE)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x266): undefined reference to `sinhrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x2bd): undefined reference to `acoshrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x2d6): undefined reference to `acosanglerat(_rat**, eANGLE_TYPE)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x2f1): undefined reference to `coshrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x348): undefined reference to `atanhrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x361): undefined reference to `atananglerat(_rat**, eANGLE_TYPE)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x37c): undefined reference to `tanhrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x3cd): undefined reference to `rootrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x3dd): undefined reference to `ratpowlong(_rat**, long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x40c): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x419): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x42c): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x452): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x4a0): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x4c8): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x520): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x530): undefined reference to `rootrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x53c): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x557): undefined reference to `ratpowlong(_rat**, long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x586): undefined reference to `exprat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x59a): undefined reference to `log10rat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x5a8): undefined reference to `lograt(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x5b6): undefined reference to `factrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x625): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x632): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x645): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x668): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x6b0): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x6d5): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x71a): undefined reference to `intrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x72d): undefined reference to `subrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x73d): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x749): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x756): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x769): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x789): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x7cb): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x7ed): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x82f): undefined reference to `intrat(_rat**)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x83f): undefined reference to `subrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x84f): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x884): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x894): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x8a4): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x8b4): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x8c0): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x8d4): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x8e8): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x925): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x942): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.text+0x9b4): more undefined references to `_destroyrat(_rat*)' follow
build/scifunc.o:scifunc.c:(.rdata$.refptr.rat_two[.refptr.rat_two]+0x0): undefined reference to `rat_two'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0xf7): undefined reference to `ChangeConstants(long, long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x115): undefined reference to `ChangeConstants(long, long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x142): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x14f): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x162): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x188): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x1d6): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x1fe): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x253): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x262): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x272): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x28e): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x2b4): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x2fc): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x324): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x369): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x3b7): undefined reference to `powrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x3c6): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x3d6): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x3f2): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x418): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x460): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x488): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x4cd): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x500): undefined reference to `intrat(_rat**)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x516): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x554): undefined reference to `xorrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x57b): undefined reference to `sinanglerat(_rat**, eANGLE_TYPE)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x5a2): undefined reference to `cosanglerat(_rat**, eANGLE_TYPE)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x5c9): undefined reference to `tananglerat(_rat**, eANGLE_TYPE)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x5f7): undefined reference to `longtorat(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x60a): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x61a): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x636): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x65c): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x6a4): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x6cc): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x711): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scimath.o:scimath.c:(.text+0x74e): undefined reference to `putrat(_rat**, unsigned long, int)'
build/scimenu.o:scimenu.c:(.text+0x822): undefined reference to `HtmlHelpW'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x5e): undefined reference to `andrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x73): undefined reference to `orrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `xorrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x99): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0xa6): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0xb9): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0xdc): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x124): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x149): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x194): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x1a4): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x1c0): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x1e6): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x22e): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x256): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x29f): undefined reference to `rshrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x2b0): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x2bd): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x2d0): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x2f3): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x33b): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x360): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x3ab): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x3bb): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x3d7): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x3fd): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x445): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x46d): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x4b6): undefined reference to `lshrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x4cb): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x4e0): undefined reference to `subrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x50f): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x520): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x52d): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x540): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x563): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x5ab): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x5d0): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x61b): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x62b): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x647): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x66d): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x6b5): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x6dd): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x72c): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x741): undefined reference to `modrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x752): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x75f): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x772): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x795): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x7dd): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x802): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x84d): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x85d): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x879): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x89f): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x8e7): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x90f): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x987): undefined reference to `rootrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x999): undefined reference to `powrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x9b4): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scioper.o:scioper.c:(.text+0x9f4): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x33b): undefined reference to `HtmlHelpW'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x581): undefined reference to `__imp_SetBkMode'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x5db): undefined reference to `__imp_SetTextColor'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x623): undefined reference to `__imp_SetBkMode'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x67b): undefined reference to `__imp_SetBkColor'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x69b): undefined reference to `__imp_SetTextColor'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x148): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x3d3): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x3e6): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x408): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x449): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x4c1): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x504): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x74a): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x77d): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x7a1): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x7fc): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x88e): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x8eb): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xaa8): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xcc6): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xcff): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xd26): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xd77): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xdef): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xe42): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xf0d): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xf20): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xf42): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xf74): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0xfce): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1002): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x106c): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1079): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x108c): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x10be): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1124): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1158): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x11d7): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x11e4): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x11f7): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1217): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1259): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x127b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x12c1): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x12d4): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x12e0): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x12fd): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1353): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x135f): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1373): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x13ba): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x13cd): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x13ef): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1421): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x147b): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x14af): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1528): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x153b): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x155d): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x158f): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x15e9): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x161d): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1671): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x167e): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1691): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x16b7): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1705): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x172d): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1791): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x179e): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x17b1): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x17e3): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1849): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x187d): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x18e7): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x18f3): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1900): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1913): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1933): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1975): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1997): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x19dd): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x19f0): undefined reference to `addrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1a17): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1a24): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1a37): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1a57): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1a99): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1abb): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1b01): undefined reference to `mulrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1b11): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1b1d): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1b2a): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1b3d): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1b63): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1bb1): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1bd9): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1c2b): undefined reference to `subrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1c37): undefined reference to `zerrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1c56): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1c69): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1c8b): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1cbd): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1d17): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1d4b): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1dbb): undefined reference to `subrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1dcb): undefined reference to `divrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1de1): undefined reference to `rootrat(_rat**, _rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1df3): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1e06): undefined reference to `_createrat()'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1e28): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1e54): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1ea2): undefined reference to `_destroynum(_number*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1ed0): undefined reference to `_createnum(long)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1f18): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1f2c): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
build/scistat.o:scistat.c:(.text+0x1f40): undefined reference to `_destroyrat(_rat*)'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [build/calc] Error 1

We can see a long output. The part of warnings tells us about the redefinition of macros in the headers from modern version of Windows. At the end we can see the error connected with the ratpak library. Using the config file from nt/source we can find that ratpak sources are located one level above.

NT\shell\osshell\accesory\ratpak

Let us try to build it. To do it, we create a new Makefile with the following content taking the config from the analogous nt/source:

Ratpak makefile

TARGET = ratpak.lib
BUILD_DIR = build
OPT = -Os

C_SOURCES = rat.c \
			num.c \
			conv.c \
			debug.c \
			itrans.c \
			trans.c \
			transh.c \
			itransh.c \
			logic.c \
			fact.c \
			basex.c \
			exp.c \
			support.c \

CC = g++

C_DEFS = -DWIN32 \
		 -DW3 \
		 -DWINNT \
		 -DUNICODE \
		 -D_UNICODE \
		 -DNOMINMAX

C_INCLUDES = -I.

CFLAGS += $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT)

all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET)

OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@  $<

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
	ar ru $@ $^
	ranlib $@

$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@		

clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)

The primary difference here is that we build ratpak as a static library and for this reason it should be build with the following config:

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
    ar ru $@ $^
    ranlib $@

Let us try to build with make:

Ratpak build output - 1

mkdir build
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DNOMINMAX -I. -Os -o build/rat.o  rat.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DNOMINMAX -I. -Os -o build/num.o  num.c
num.c: In function 'void _addnum(_number**, PNUMBER, long unsigned int)':
num.c:88:15: error: 'max' was not declared in this scope
     cdigits = max( a->cdigit+a->exp, b->cdigit+b->exp ) -
               ^~~
num.c:89:13: error: 'min' was not declared in this scope
             min( a->exp, b->exp );
             ^~~
num.c: In function 'BOOL equnum(PNUMBER, PNUMBER)':
num.c:546:23: error: 'max' was not declared in this scope
             cdigits = max( a->cdigit, b->cdigit );
                       ^~~
num.c: In function 'BOOL lessnum(PNUMBER, PNUMBER)':
num.c:613:23: error: 'max' was not declared in this scope
             cdigits = max( a->cdigit, b->cdigit );
                       ^~~
make: *** [build/num.o] Error 1

We can see the error, which is attributed with min and max macro. Let us add this functions from STL. To do this, we create custom.h file and add the following context.

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>

using std::min;
using std::max;

Next, we include this header to num.c, logic.c and support.c and rebuild:

Ratpak build output - 2

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DNOMINMAX -I. -Os -o build/support.o  support.c
support.c:64:8: error: 'cbitsofprecision' does not name a type; did you mean 'changePrecision'?
 static cbitsofprecision = RATIO_FOR_DECIMAL * DECIMAL *
        ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        changePrecision
In file included from support.c:67:
./ratconst.h:7:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:14:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:21:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:28:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:35:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:42:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:48:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:55:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:61:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:68:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:74:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:81:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:87:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:94:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:100:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:107:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:113:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:120:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:126:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:133:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:139:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:146:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:152:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:159:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:165:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:172:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:178:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:185:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:191:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:198:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:204:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:211:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:217:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:224:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:230:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:237:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:243:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:250:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:256:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:263:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:269:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:276:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:282:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:289:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:295:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:302:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:308:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:315:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:321:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:328:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:334:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:341:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:347:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:354:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:360:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:367:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:373:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:380:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:386:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:393:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:399:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:406:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:412:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:419:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:425:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:432:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
./ratconst.h:438:1: error: too many initializers for 'MANTTYPE [0]' {aka 'long unsigned int [0]'}
 };
 ^
support.c: In function 'void ChangeConstants(long int, long int)':
support.c:198:10: error: 'cbitsofprecision' was not declared in this scope
     if ( cbitsofprecision < ( ratio * nRadix * nPrecision ) )
          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
support.c:198:10: note: suggested alternative: 'changePrecision'
     if ( cbitsofprecision < ( ratio * nRadix * nPrecision ) )
          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
          changePrecision
make: *** [build/support.o] Error 1

We can see the 2 types of errors. In the first case, we can see the missing type in support.c in lines 41 and 64. We need to add int there:

static int cbitsofprecision

In the second case we try to initialize the 0-sized array in NUMBER structure from ratpack.h with a few elements. Let us remove 0 from [0], leaving the empty brackets. Now we can rebuild the library and make sure that there are no errors. Our library ratpack.lib is located in build.

Ratpak build output - 3

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DNOMINMAX -I. -Os -o build/support.o  support.c
ar ru build/ratpak.lib build/rat.o build/num.o build/conv.o build/debug.o build/itrans.o build/trans.o build/transh.o build/itransh.o build/logic.o build/fact.o build/basex.o build/exp.o build/support.o
ar: creating build/ratpak.lib
ranlib build/ratpak.lib

Now we can return to calc and try to link with this library by adding to the Makefile the path and linkage:

LIBS = -lratpak
LIBDIR = -L..\ratpak\build

Calc build output - 2

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/calc.o  calc.c
In file included from calc.c:29:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from calc.c:26:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/input.o  input.c
In file included from input.c:14:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from input.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scicomm.o  scicomm.c
In file included from scicomm.c:15:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scicomm.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scidisp.o  scidisp.c
In file included from scidisp.c:14:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scidisp.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scifunc.o  scifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scikeys.o  scikeys.c
In file included from scikeys.c:3:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scikeys.c:1:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scimath.o  scimath.c
In file included from scimath.c:4:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scimath.c:1:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scimenu.o  scimenu.c
In file included from scimenu.c:26:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scimenu.c:25:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scioper.o  scioper.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/sciproc.o  sciproc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/sciset.o  sciset.c
In file included from sciset.c:22:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from sciset.c:21:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scistat.o  scistat.c
In file included from scistat.c:35:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scistat.c:33:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/unifunc.o  unifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/wassert.o  wassert.c
g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o  -L..\ratpak\build -lratpak -o build/calc
build/scimenu.o:scimenu.c:(.text+0x822): undefined reference to `HtmlHelpW'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x33b): undefined reference to `HtmlHelpW'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x581): undefined reference to `__imp_SetBkMode'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x5db): undefined reference to `__imp_SetTextColor'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x623): undefined reference to `__imp_SetBkMode'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x67b): undefined reference to `__imp_SetBkColor'
build/sciproc.o:sciproc.c:(.text+0x69b): undefined reference to `__imp_SetTextColor'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(rat.o):rat.c:(.text+0x2f): undefined reference to `divnumx(_number**, _number*)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(rat.o):rat.c:(.text+0x3b): undefined reference to `divnumx(_number**, _number*)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x494): undefined reference to `divnumx(_number**, _number*)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0xcaf): undefined reference to `divnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x10d4): undefined reference to `mulnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x1141): undefined reference to `mulnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x11a7): undefined reference to `mulnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x11b5): undefined reference to `mulnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x12f5): undefined reference to `mulnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
..\ratpak\build/ratpak.lib(conv.o):conv.c:(.text+0x138d): undefined reference to `divnum(_number**, _number*, unsigned long)'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [build/calc] Error 1

We can see that there are a few unlinked functions:HtmlHelpW function is located in libhtmlhelp, __imp_SetBkMode, etc. are the functions from gdi32 library. The other functions are from ratpack. For the first 2 cases we can add the linkage to Makefile

LIBS = -lratpak -lgdi32 –lhtmlhelp

The htmlhelp library is a part of Windows SDK. Since GCC does not support the spaces in the path, we need just copy this library to lib folder and add the path to it.

LIBDIR = -L..\ratpak\build -Llib

In the third case the problem is with the inline modifier in mulnum, divnum functions from num.c and mulnumx, divnumx in basex.c. It is necessary to remove the modifier for GCC.

Let us try to build:

Calc build output - 3

g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o  -L..\ratpak\build -Llib -lratpak -lgdi32 -lhtmlhelp -o build/calc
lib/htmlhelp.lib(o:/w8rtm.obj.amd64fre/enduser/helpengines/htmlhelp/src/htmlhelp/objfre/amd64/init.obj):(.text[HtmlHelpW]+0xe0): undefined reference to `__security_check_cookie'
lib/htmlhelp.lib(o:/w8rtm.obj.amd64fre/enduser/helpengines/htmlhelp/src/htmlhelp/objfre/amd64/init.obj):(.text[HtmlHelpA]+0xe0): undefined reference to `__security_check_cookie'
lib/htmlhelp.lib(o:/w8rtm.obj.amd64fre/enduser/helpengines/htmlhelp/src/htmlhelp/objfre/amd64/init.obj):(.text[?GetRegisteredLocation@@YAHPEAD@Z]+0x111): undefined reference to `__security_check_cookie'
lib/htmlhelp.lib(o:/w8rtm.obj.amd64fre/enduser/helpengines/htmlhelp/src/htmlhelp/objfre/amd64/init.obj):(.xdata[$unwind$HtmlHelpW]+0x10): undefined reference to `__GSHandlerCheck'
lib/htmlhelp.lib(o:/w8rtm.obj.amd64fre/enduser/helpengines/htmlhelp/src/htmlhelp/objfre/amd64/init.obj):(.xdata[$unwind$HtmlHelpA]+0x10): undefined reference to `__GSHandlerCheck'
lib/htmlhelp.lib(o:/w8rtm.obj.amd64fre/enduser/helpengines/htmlhelp/src/htmlhelp/objfre/amd64/init.obj):(.xdata[$unwind$?GetRegisteredLocation@@YAHPEAD@Z]+0x18): undefined reference to `__GSHandlerCheck'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [build/calc] Error 1

We can see that we need a library with __security_check_cookie and __GSHandler_Check. It is connected with /GS flag of Visual Studio compiler since initially I took htmlhelp from Windows SDK 8.0. /GS flag is analog of -fstack-protector-strong for GCC. To link __security_check_cookie correctly we need to add -lbufferoverflowu (from SDK). For __GSHandler_Check we should link -lruntmchk, which I failed to find. Another opportunity is the linkage with gshandler.obj.

However, htmlhelp is compiled in a static library in SDK, and I decided to build it from the sources of Windows XP.

I found the following directory:

NT\enduser\stuff\hhctrl\

It contains a lot of files and htmlhelp.h header. If we go one level above, we can see htmlhelp folder.

NT\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\

If we look inside, we can see only one file init.cpp . I decided to build it using the adapted Makefile from ratpak . Surprisingly, it has been built without any issues!

Htmlhelp build output - 1

mkdir build
g++ -c  -I..\hhctrl -Os -o build/init.o  init.cpp
ar ru build/htmlhelp.lib build/init.o
ar: creating build/htmlhelp.lib
ranlib build/htmlhelp.lib

If we add the path to this library in Makefile, we can see that everything is successfully built and linked.

LIBDIR = -L..\ratpak\build -L..\..\..\..\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\build

Calc build output - 4

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/calc.o  calc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/input.o  input.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scicomm.o  scicomm.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scidisp.o  scidisp.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scifunc.o  scifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scikeys.o  scikeys.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scimath.o  scimath.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scimenu.o  scimenu.c
In file included from calc.c:29:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from calc.c:26:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

In file included from input.c:14:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from input.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

In file included from scicomm.c:15:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69scidisp.c:14,
                 from :
scicalc.h:29unifunc.h:6:,
                 from  scicomm.c:13warning: :
"ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scidisp.c:13:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

In file included from scikeys.c:3:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scikeys.c:1:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

In file included from scimath.c:4:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scimath.c:1
scimenu.c:26C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668::
 unifunc.h:6: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scimenu.c:25:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scioper.o  scioper.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/sciproc.o  sciproc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/sciset.o  sciset.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/scistat.o  scistat.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/unifunc.o  unifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -O0 -o build/wassert.o  wassert.c
In file included from sciset.c:22:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from sciset.c:21:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

In file included from scistat.c:35:
unifunc.h:6: warning: "ARRAYSIZE" redefined
 #define ARRAYSIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))

In file included from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/minwindef.h:163,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windef.h:8,
                 from C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/windows.h:69,
                 from scicalc.h:29,
                 from scistat.c:33:
C:/Qt/Tools/mingw810_64/x86_64-w64-mingw32/include/winnt.h:668: note: this is the location of the previous definition
 #define ARRAYSIZE(A) RTL_NUMBER_OF_V2(A)

g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o  -L..\ratpak\build -L..\..\..\..\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\build -lratpak -lgdi32 -lhtmlhelp -o build/calc

Finally, we have the build of our calculator. Let us make some cleanup fixes to remove the warnings by deletion of #define ARRAYSIZE(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x)) from unifunc.h and enable Os optimization. In this case we can get the following image:

OPT = -Os

Calc build output - 5

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/calc.o  calc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/input.o  input.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scicomm.o  scicomm.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scidisp.o  scidisp.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scifunc.o  scifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scikeys.o  scikeys.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scimath.o  scimath.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scimenu.o  scimenu.c
calc.c: In function 'int WinMain(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int)':
calc.c:232:48: warning: iteration 84 invokes undefined behavior [-Waggressive-loop-optimizations]
             rgpsz[nx] = psz + (INT_PTR)rgpsz[nx];
                                        ~~~~~~~~^
calc.c:231:26: note: within this loop
         for (nx = 0 ; nx <= CSTRINGS ; nx++)
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scioper.o  scioper.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/sciproc.o  sciproc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/sciset.o  sciset.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scistat.o  scistat.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/unifunc.o  unifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/wassert.o  wassert.c
sciset.c: In function 'void ActivateButtons()':
sciset.c:51:29: warning: iteration 7 invokes undefined behavior [-Waggressive-loop-optimizations]
                 EnableWindow( GetDlgItem(g_hwndDlg, aDecOnlyKeys[i]),
                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
                               bDecMode );
                               ~~~~~~~~~~
sciset.c:49:28: note: within this loop
             for ( i = 0; i <= ARRAYSIZE(aDecOnlyKeys) ; i++ )
                            ^
g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o build/calc.rc.o -L..\ratpak\build -L..\..\..\..\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\build -lratpak -lgdi32 -lhtmlhelp -o build/calc

To fix it, I added -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations flag. At the end we have the clean compilation output:

Calc build output - 6

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/calc.o  calc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/input.o  input.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scicomm.o  scicomm.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scidisp.o  scidisp.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scifunc.o  scifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scikeys.o  scikeys.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scimath.o  scimath.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scimenu.o  scimenu.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scioper.o  scioper.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/sciproc.o  sciproc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/sciset.o  sciset.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/scistat.o  scistat.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/unifunc.o  unifunc.c
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -o build/wassert.o  wassert.c
g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o build/calc.rc.o -L..\ratpak\build -L..\..\..\..\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\build -lratpak -lgdi32 -lhtmlhelp -o build/calc

Launching of the compiled calculator

If we try to launch the built calculator app, we will see the following image:

That means it is necessary to provide the linkage of the graphical application instead of console application to the linker. For GCC it is -mwindows.

LDFLAGS = $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -mwindows

If we rebuilt and launch the application, we will not see any windows, but the process exists in the list of processes:

Thus, our application has been launched, but there is missing description of the graphical interface. For OS Windows this information is located in resource files with .rc extension. To attach calc.rc file we need to compile it to object file calc.rc.o and then to link with the calc binary. MinGW-64 has the windres resource compiler, that we can use.

Let us try to compile calc.rc in object file with a command:

windres calc.rc -o build/calc.rc.o

We will see the following error:

calc.rc:12:10: fatal error: winres.h: No such file or directory
 #include "winres.h"
          ^~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
windres: preprocessing failed.

To fix it we can try to replace winres.h to windows.h and recompile again. In this case there is no output and the build folder contains the required object file calc.rc.o.

Let us add to the calc Makefile the following code for .rc.o linkage:

RC = windres
RES_SOURCES = calc.rc

RES_OBJ = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(RES_SOURCES:.rc=.rc.o)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.rc Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
            $(RC) $^ -o $@

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS) Makefile
            $(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(RES_OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

I tried to add the build of .rc file to Makefile, but the compilation of this file failed using Makefile. If someone knows how to fix it I will be glad to read about it in the comments.

Finally everything was linked correctly and the build folder contains the calc.exe binary. If we launch it we will see our old application:

Finally, we can add the -Wall flag to see all warnings and recompile:

Last calc build output

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/calc.o  calc.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from calc.c:26:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

calc.c: In function 'void EverythingResettingNumberSetup()':
calc.c:496:19: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'int' and 'long long unsigned int' [-Wsign-compare]
     for( i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(ghnoParNum); i++ )
                   ^
calc.c:500:19: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'int' and 'long long unsigned int' [-Wsign-compare]
     for( i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(ghnoPrecNum); i++ )
                   ^
calc.c: In function 'void InitSciCalc(BOOL)':
calc.c:676:23: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value [-Wparentheses]
         if (hDispEdit = GetDlgItem(g_hwndDlg, IDC_DISPLAY))
             ~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
calc.c:519:13: warning: unused variable 'nLastSepLen' [-Wunused-variable]
     int     nLastSepLen;
             ^~~~~~~~~~~
calc.c:521:13: warning: unused variable 'hMenu' [-Wunused-variable]
     HMENU   hMenu;
             ^~~~~
calc.c: In function 'int WinMain(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int)':
calc.c:237:22: warning: 'psz' may be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
             LocalFree(psz);
             ~~~~~~~~~^~~~~
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/input.o  input.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from input.c:13:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scicomm.o  scicomm.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scicomm.c:13:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

scicomm.c: In function 'void RealProcessCommands(WPARAM)':
scicomm.c:295:12: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else' [-Wdangling-else]
         if (nLastCom >= IDC_AND && nLastCom <= IDC_PWR)
            ^
scicomm.c:421:20: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else' [-Wdangling-else]
                 if ((nLastCom >= IDC_AND) && (nLastCom <= IDC_PWR))
                    ^
scicomm.c:502:32: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value [-Wparentheses]
                 while (nOpCode = nPrecOp[--nPrecNum])
                        ~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scidisp.o  scidisp.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scidisp.c:13:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

scidisp.c: In function 'void DisplayNum()':
scidisp.c:90:12: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous 'else' [-Wdangling-else]
         if ( ghnoNum )
            ^
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scifunc.o  scifunc.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scifunc.c:36:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scikeys.o  scikeys.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scikeys.c:1:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scimath.o  scimath.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scimath.c:3:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

scimath.c: In function 'int QuickLog2(int)':
scimath.c:61:15: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value [-Wparentheses]
     if ( iNum = iNum >> 1 )
          ~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~
scimath.c:64:22: warning: suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value [-Wparentheses]
         while ( iNum = iNum >> 1 )
                 ~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~
scimath.c: In function 'void UpdateMaxIntDigits()':
scimath.c:90:9: warning: variable 'iRemainderBits' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
     int iRemainderBits;
         ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
scimath.c: In function 'void BaseOrPrecisionChanged()':
scimath.c:112:17: warning: unused variable 'dwWordBitWidth' [-Wunused-variable]
     extern LONG dwWordBitWidth;
                 ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scimenu.o  scimenu.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scimenu.c:25:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scioper.o  scioper.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scioper.c:17:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

scioper.c:26:53: warning: "/*" within comment [-Wcomment]
 * Routines to perform standard operations &|^~<<>>+-/*% and pwr.

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/sciproc.o  sciproc.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from sciproc.c:25:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/sciset.o  sciset.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from sciset.c:21:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

sciset.c: In function 'void ActivateButtons()':
sciset.c:49:28: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'int' and 'long long unsigned int' [-Wsign-compare]
             for ( i = 0; i <= ARRAYSIZE(aDecOnlyKeys) ; i++ )
                            ^
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/scistat.o  scistat.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from scistat.c:33:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

scistat.c: In function 'void SetStat(BOOL)':
scistat.c:100:17: warning: comparison of integer expressions of different signedness: 'int' and 'long long unsigned int' [-Wsign-compare]
     for ( i=0; i<ARRAYSIZE(aStatOnlyKeys); i++)
                 ^
g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/unifunc.o  unifunc.c
In file included from scimath.h:22,
                 from scicalc.h:31,
                 from unifunc.c:13:
..\ratpak\ratpak.h:1: warning: ignoring #pragma warning  [-Wunknown-pragmas]
 #pragma warning( disable : 4200 )

g++ -c -DWIN32 -DW3 -DWINNT -DUNICODE -D_UNICODE -DUSE_MIRRORING -I..\ratpak -I..\inc  -Os -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall -o build/wassert.o  wassert.c
g++ build/calc.o build/input.o build/scicomm.o build/scidisp.o build/scifunc.o build/scikeys.o build/scimath.o build/scimenu.o build/scioper.o build/sciproc.o build/sciset.o build/scistat.o build/unifunc.o build/wassert.o build/calc.rc.o -L..\ratpak\build -L..\..\..\..\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\build -lratpak -lgdi32 -lhtmlhelp -mwindows -o build/calc

Here we see a lot of warnings:

unknown-pragmas (#pragma warning)
sign-compare
parentheses
unused-variable
maybe-uninitialized
dangling-else
unused-but-set-variable

Currently, the most of the warnings would be detected by both compilers as well as by static analyzers.

At the end I would like to provide the final code of Makefiles.

Сalc final Makefile

TARGET = calc
BUILD_DIR = build
OPT = -Os
CC = g++
RC = windres

C_SOURCES = calc.c      \
            input.c     \
            scicomm.c   \
            scidisp.c   \
            scifunc.c   \
            scikeys.c   \
            scimath.c   \
            scimenu.c   \
            scioper.c   \
            sciproc.c   \
            sciset.c    \
            scistat.c   \
            unifunc.c   \
            wassert.c

RES_SOURCES = calc.rc
		
C_DEFS = -DWIN32 \
         -DW3 \
         -DWINNT \
         -DUNICODE \
         -D_UNICODE \
         -DUSE_MIRRORING

C_INCLUDES = -I..\ratpak \
             -I..\inc \

CFLAGS += $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -fno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Wall

LIBS = -lratpak -lgdi32 -lhtmlhelp
LIBDIR = -L..\ratpak\build -L..\..\..\..\enduser\stuff\htmlhelp\build
LDFLAGS = $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -mwindows

OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
RES_OBJ = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(RES_SOURCES:.rc=.rc.o)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@  $<

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.rc Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	$(RC) $^ -o $@

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS) Makefile
	$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(RES_OBJ) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@

$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@
	
all: 
	$(TARGET)
	
clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)

Ratpak final Makefile

TARGET = ratpak.lib
BUILD_DIR = build
OPT = -Os

C_SOURCES = rat.c \
			num.c \
			conv.c \
			debug.c \
			itrans.c \
			trans.c \
			transh.c \
			itransh.c \
			logic.c \
			fact.c \
			basex.c \
			exp.c \
			support.c \

CC = g++

C_DEFS = -DWIN32 \
		 -DW3 \
		 -DWINNT \
		 -DUNICODE \
		 -D_UNICODE \
		 -DNOMINMAX

C_INCLUDES = -I.

CFLAGS += $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT)

all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET)

OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@  $<

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
	ar ru $@ $^
	ranlib $@

$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@

clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)

Htmlhelp final Makefile

TARGET = htmlhelp.lib
BUILD_DIR = build
OPT = -Os

C_SOURCES = init.cpp

CC = g++

C_DEFS =

C_INCLUDES = -I..\hhctrl

CFLAGS += $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT)

all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET)

OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.cpp=.o)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.cpp Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -o $@  $<

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET): $(OBJECTS)
	ar ru $@ $^
	ranlib $@

$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@		

clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)

Conclusions

Finally we have the compiled version of calculator from WindowsXP with GCC x64, which launches on the modern versions of Windows. In contrast to the modern version of calculator, which consumes 18.7 MB of memory, the old one consumes only 1.0 MB.

The assembled application works perfectly except of help menu, which does not appear. Probably it is connected with hhctrl library. If you have any ideas what to build next time, please write them in the comments.

I hope the article was interesting and useful. Thank you for attention!

How to build and run calculator from Windows XP using GCC x64?