ИТ-инфраструктуры становятся все более сложными, теперь мы обычно работаем с десятками и сотнями коммутаторов, маршрутизаторов и межсетевых экранов.
Еслитовые файлы, но с Python и netmiko мы можем объединить вывод нескольких разных команд, записав только нужную нам информацию в один выходной CSV-файл.
Почему CSV? CSV-файл удобен, потому что мы можем открыть его в Excel, и легко скрыть ненужные нам столбцы, сгруппировать или упорядочить по нужным нам столбцам.
Если мы будем ежедневно создавать один такой файл со всех коммутаторов, мы легко сможем увидеть разницу в состоянии подключенных устройств, просто открыв два файла в редакторе Not
Моя программа на Python обращается ко всем коммутаторам из набора, выполняет все три командочень простую инфраструктуру, состоящую из двух коммутаторов и нескольких подключенных устройств.
Выходной файл выглядит так
python программа
#!/usr/bin/python3
# d=True, help = ' Path to the Ansible hosts file ')
parser.add_argument('--group', required=True, help = ' Group of routers to connect to from Ansible hosts file ')
return parser.parse_args()
def ping_ip(ip_address): # Use ping command to check if switch alive
param = '-c' # for linux os
command = ['ping', param, '2', ip_address] # Build the ping command
t
global_vars = hosts_data['all']['vars'] # Extract global variables
# Extract router details for the specified group
if args.group not in hosts_data:
print(f"Group {args.group} not found in hosts file.")
return
routers = hosts_data[args.group]['hosts'] # Extract group of devices
output_filed = args.group + '_inter_des.csv' #
output_filec = args.group + '_inter_cdp.csv' #
output_filema = args.group + '_inter_mac.csv' #
STRd = "Hostname,IP_address,Interface,State,Description,Vlan" # column names status
with open(output_filed, "w", newline="") as out_filed:
writer = csv.writer(out_filed)
out_filed.write(STRd)
out_filed.write('\n')
STRc = "Hostname,IP_address,Interface,New_Description" # column names cdp
with open(output_filec, "w", newline="") as out_filec:
writer = csv.writer(out_filec)
else:
print( ' switch online --------- ', router_name,' ',router_info['ansible_host'])
de_type = ''
if global_vars['ansible_network_os'] == 'ios': # check if cisco ios
de_type = 'cisco_ios'
netmiko_connection = { # Create Netmiko connection dictionary
'device_type': de_type,
'host': router_info['ansible_host'],
'username': global_vars['ansible_user'],
'password': global_vars['ansible_password'],
'secret': global_vars['ansible_become_password'],
}
# exclude router from switches
outputd2 = connection.send_command(comm2)
outputd31 = connection.send_command(comm3, use_textfsm=True) # mac textfsm
connection.disconnect() # Disconnect from device
print(f" ------------ Output from {router_name} ({router_info['ansible_host']}):") # Print the output
print(' mac textfsm ------- ', type(outputd31))
print(outputd31) # mac textfsm
print(" ------------")
lines = outputd1.strip().split('\n') #### parse 'show interface status'
lines = lines[1:]
for line in lines:
if (line == '') or (line.startswith("Port")):
continue
swi=router_name
ipad= router_info['ansible_host']
for line in lines1:
if (line == '') or (line.startswith("Devic")):
continue
por1 = por[0:2]+por[3:33] # remove 3rd char from port name
por=por1.replace(' ', '')
swi=router_name
ipad= router_info['ansible_host']
print("switch ",swi," port ",por, " Descr ", ndes )
STRc = swi + "," + ipad + "," + por +"," + ndes # switch name with ip
with open(output_filec, 'a') as f:
f.write(STRc)
f.write('\n')
print(f" ------------ end")
###### --------------------------------------------- #### parse 'show mac address-table' texfsm
for entry in outputd31: # Remove square brackets from 'destination_port' values
entry['destination_port'] = entry['destination_port'][0]
outputd31_sorted = sorted(outputd31, key=lambda x: x['destination_port']) # Sort the list by 'destination_port'
unique_data31 = []
ports_seen = {}
# Count occurrences of each port
for entry in outputd31_sorted:
port = entry['destination_port']
if port in ports_seen:
ports_seen[port] += 1
else:
ports_seen[port] = 1
# Keep only ports that appear once
unique_data31 = [entry for entry in outputd31_sorted if ports_seen[entry['destination_port']] == 1]
# Output the result
for entry in unique_data31:
print(entry)
STRm = swi + "," + ipad + "," +entry['destination_port'] + "," +entry['destination_address'] + "," + entry['vlan_id'] #
with open(output_filema, 'a') as f:
f.write(STRm)
f.write('\n')
output_filem = args.group + '_merg.csv' # mrge 2 in 1
with open(output_filed, mode='r') as file:
reader = csv.DictReader(file)
sw_inter_des_data = list(reader) # Read descr file into a list of dictionaries
with open(output_filec, mode='r') as file:
reader = csv.DictReader(file)
sw_inter_cdp_data = list(reader) # Read cdp file into a list of dictionaries
with open(output_filema, mode='r') as file:
reader = csv.DictReader(file)
sw_inter_mac_data = list(reader) # Read mac file into a list of dictionaries
cdp_lookup = { # Create a lookup dictionary for sw_inter_cdp_data based on Hostname, IP_address, and Interface
(row['Hostname'], row['IP_address'], row['Interface']): row['New_Description']
for row in sw_inter_cdp_data
}
mac_lookup = { # Create a lookup dictionary for sw_inter_cdp_data based on Hostname, IP_address, and Interface
(row['Hostname'], row['IP_address'], row['Interface']): row['mac']
for row in sw_inter_mac_data
}
for row in sw_inter_des_data:
key = (row['Hostname'], row['IP_address'], row['Interface'])
row['New_Description'] = cdp_lookup.get(key, '') # Add the New_Description to sw_inter_des_data
row['mac'] = mac_lookup.get(key, '') # Add mac
with
#################### Entry point of the main
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()