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C# *

Multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines

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Tutorial: Update interfaces with default interface members in C# 8.0

Reading time5 min
Views1.4K

Beginning with C# 8.0 on .NET Core 3.0, you can define an implementation when you declare a member of an interface. The most common scenario is to safely add members to an interface already released and used by innumerable clients.


In this tutorial, you'll learn how to:


  • Extend interfaces safely by adding methods with implementations.
  • Create parameterized implementations to provide greater flexibility.
  • Enable implementers to provide a more specific implementation in the form of an override.

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Microservices architecture & implementation Step-by-Step Part 1

Reading time2 min
Views9.6K
Hi All,

I’m in the process of implementing a new simple microservices-based project as an example of a step-by-step guide for those who had a hard time with a microservices architecture and are still looking for “another” good reference. Also, I would really appreciate thought through feedback and proposal to make this project a high-quality chunk of work.

There are tons of articles and source code examples. But, unfortunately, I could not find any reference with simple step-by-step instructions, without doing a deep dive into Docker, Event Store, a multitude of configurations, cloud deployment stuff, etc. I cloned several projects and tried to start playing with them, but you know, only God knows how to start them, which dependencies are missing and why all those scripts are failing with thousands of ERRORS.

For example, this eShop project from Microsoft contains all we need, but it is not so simple to figure out what is going on there, SQL database connection strings, Docker scripts fail, no How-Tos and I’m not sure it is super-simple architecture you need to start with.

image
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PVS-Studio for Visual Studio

Reading time10 min
Views1.1K


Many of our articles are focused on anything, but not the PVS-Studio tool itself. Whereas we do a lot to make its usage convenient for developers. Nevertheless, our efforts are often concealed behind the scenes. I decided to remedy this situation and tell you about the PVS-Studio plugin for Visual Studio. If you use Visual Studio, this article is for you.
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Simplify working with parallel tasks in C# (updated)

Reading time7 min
Views22K

image


No doubts that async/await pattern has significantly simplified working with asynchronous operations in C#. However, this simplification relates only to the situation when asynchronous operations are executed consequently. If we need to execute several asynchronous operations simultaneously (e.g. we need to call several micro-services) then we do not have many built-in capabilities and most probably Task.WhenAll will be used:


Task<SomeType1> someAsyncOp1 = SomeAsyncOperation1();
Task<SomeType2> someAsyncOp2 = SomeAsyncOperation2();
Task<SomeType3> someAsyncOp3 = SomeAsyncOperation3();
Task<SomeType4> someAsyncOp4 = SomeAsyncOperation4();
await Task.WhenAll(someAsyncOp1, someAsyncOp2, someAsyncOp4);
var result = new SomeContainer(
     someAsyncOp1.Result,someAsyncOp2.Result,someAsyncOp3.Result, someAsyncOp4.Result);

This is a working solution, but it is quite verbose and not very reliable (you can forget to add a new task to “WhenAll”). I would prefer something like that instead:


var result =  await 
    from r1 in SomeAsyncOperation1()
    from r2 in SomeAsyncOperation2()
    from r3 in SomeAsyncOperation3()
    from r4 in SomeAsyncOperation4()
    select new SomeContainer(r1, r2, r3, r4);

Further I will tell you what is necessary for this construction to work...

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Dynamically generating robots.txt for ASP.NET Core sites based on environment

Reading time3 min
Views1.9K

I'm putting part of older WebForms portions of my site that still run on bare metal to ASP.NET Core and Azure App Services, and while I'm doing that I realized that I want to make sure my staging sites don't get indexed by Google/Bing.


I already have a robots.txt, but I want one that's specific to production and others that are specific to development or staging. I thought about a number of ways to solve this. I could have a static robots.txt and another robots-staging.txt and conditionally copy one over the other during my Azure DevOps CI/CD pipeline.


Then I realized the simplest possible thing would be to just make robots.txt be dynamic. I thought about writing custom middleware but that sounded like a hassle and more code that needed. I wanted to see just how simple this could be.


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Announcing .NET Core 3.0 Preview 6

Reading time8 min
Views1.2K

Today, we are announcing .NET Core 3.0 Preview 6. It includes updates for compiling assemblies for improved startup, optimizing applications for size with linker and EventPipe improvements. We’ve also released new Docker images for Alpine on ARM64.



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.NET: Tools for working with multi-threading and asynchrony – Part 1

Reading time18 min
Views20K
I have originally posted this article in CodingSight blog
The second part of the article is available here

The need to do things in an asynchronous way – that is, dividing big tasks between multiple working units – was present long before the appearance of computers. However, when they did appear, this need became even more obvious. It is now 2019, and I’m writing this article on a laptop powered by an 8-core Intel Core CPU which, in addition to this, is simultaneously working on hundreds of processes, with the number of threads being even larger. Next to me, there lies a slightly outdated smartphone which I bought a couple of years ago – and it also houses an 8-core processor. Specialized web resources contain a wide variety of articles praising this year’s flagship smartphones equipped with 16-core CPUs. For less then $20 per hour, MS Azure can give you access to a 128-core virtual machine with 2 TB RAM. But, unfortunately, you cannot get the most out of this power unless you know how to control interaction between threads.
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Nullable Reference types in C# 8.0 and static analysis

Reading time12 min
Views3.7K

Picture 9


It's not a secret that Microsoft has been working on the 8-th version of C# language for quite a while. The new language version (C# 8.0) is already available in the recent release of Visual Studio 2019, but it's still in beta. This new version is going to have a few features implemented in a somewhat non-obvious, or rather unexpected, way. Nullable Reference types are one of them. This feature is announced as a means to fight Null Reference Exceptions (NRE).
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The architecture of an exceptional situation: pt.2 of 4

Reading time13 min
Views1.4K

I guess one of the most important issues in this topic is building an exception handling architecture in your application. This is interesting for many reasons. And the main reason, I think, is an apparent simplicity, which you don’t always know what to do with. All the basic constructs such as IEnumerable, IDisposable, IObservable, etc. have this property and use it everywhere. On the one hand, their simplicity tempts to use these constructs in different situations. On the other hand, they are full of traps which you might not get out. It is possible that looking at the amount of information we will cover you’ve got a question: what is so special about exceptional situations?


However, to make conclusions about building the architecture of exception classes we should learn some details about their classification. Because before building a system of types that would be clear for the user of code, a programmer should determine when to choose the type of error and when to catch or skip exceptions. So, let’s classify the exceptional situations (not the types of exceptions) based on various features.

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Let's help QueryProvider deal with interpolated strings

Reading time5 min
Views1.7K

Specifics of QueryProvider


QueryProvider can’t deal with this:


var result = _context.Humans
                      .Select(x => $"Name: {x.Name}  Age: {x.Age}")
                      .Where(x => x != "")
                      .ToList();

It can’t deal with any sentence using an interpolated string, but it’ll easily deal with this:


var result = _context.Humans
                      .Select(x => "Name " +  x.Name + " Age " + x.Age)
                      .Where(x => x != "")
                      .ToList();

The most painful thing is to fix bugs after turning on ClientEvaluation (exception for client-side calculation), since all Automapper profiles should be strictly analyzed for interpolation. Let’s find out what’s what and propose our solution to the problem.

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Support of Visual Studio 2019 in PVS-Studio

Reading time19 min
Views1.1K


Support of Visual Studio 2019 in PVS-Studio affected a number of components: the plugin itself, the command-line analyzer, the cores of the C++ and C# analyzers, and a few utilities. In this article, I will briefly explain what problems we encountered when implementing support of the IDE and how we addressed them.
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Exceptional situations: part 1 of 4

Reading time11 min
Views2.2K


Introduction


It’s time to talk about exceptions or, rather, exceptional situations. Before we start, let’s look at the definition. What is an exceptional situation?


This is a situation that makes the execution of current or subsequent code incorrect. I mean different from how it was designed or intended. Such a situation compromises the integrity of an application or its part, e.g. an object. It brings the application into an extraordinary or exceptional state.


But why do we need to define this terminology? Because it will keep us in some boundaries. If we don’t follow the terminology, we can get too far from a designed concept which may result in many ambiguous situations. Let’s see some practical examples:


 struct Number
 {
     public static Number Parse(string source)
     {
         // ...
         if(!parsed)
         {
             throw new ParsingException();
         }
         // ...
     }

     public static bool TryParse(string source, out Number result)
     {
        // ..
        return parsed;
     }
 }

This example seems a little strange, and it is for a reason. I made this code slightly artificial to show the importance of problems appearing in it. First, let’s look at the Parse method. Why should it throw an exception?

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Should array length be stored into a local variable in C#?

Reading time6 min
Views18K
I notice that people often use construction like this:

var length = array.Length;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
    //do smth
}

They think that having a call to the Array.Length on each iteration will make CLR to take more time to execute the code. To avoid it they store the length value in a local variable.
Let’s find out (once and for all !) if this is a viable thing or using a temporary variable is a waste of time.
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DynamicData: Dynamic Collections, the MVVM Architecture, and Reactive Extensions

Reading time10 min
Views18K


February 2019 marked the release of ReactiveUI 9 — the cross-platform framework for building GUI applications on the Microsoft .NET platform. ReactiveUI is a tool for tight integration of reactive extensions with the MVVM design pattern. You could familiarize yourself with the framework via a series of videos or the welcome page of the documentation. The ReactiveUI 9 update includes numerous fixes and improvements, but probably the most crucial and interesting one is integration with the DynamicData framework, allowing you to work with dynamic collections in Reactive fashion. Let’s find out what we can use DynamicData for and how this powerful reactive framework works under the hood!

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Blazor now in official preview

Reading time4 min
Views2.3K

With this newest Blazor release we’re pleased to announce that Blazor is now in official preview! Blazor is no longer experimental and we are committing to ship it as a supported web UI framework including support for running client-side in the browser on WebAssembly.


A little over a year ago we started the Blazor experimental project with the goal of building a client web UI framework based on .NET and WebAssembly. At the time Blazor was little more than a prototype and there were lots of open questions about the viability of running .NET in the browser. Since then we’ve shipped nine experimental Blazor releases addressing a variety of concerns including component model, data binding, event handling, routing, layouts, app size, hosting models, debugging, and tooling. We’re now at the point where we think Blazor is ready to take its next step.


Blazor icon
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Breaking down the fundamentals of C #: allocating memory for a reference type on the stack

Reading time6 min
Views7.3K
This article will show you the basics of types internals, as of course an example in which the memory for the reference type will be allocated completely on the stack (this is because I am a full-stack programmer).



Disclaimer


This article does not contain material that should be used in real projects. It is simply an extension of the boundaries in which a programming language is perceived.

Before proceeding with the story, I strongly recommend you to read the first post about StructLayout, because there is an example that will be used in this article (However, as always).
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What happens behind the scenes C#: the basics of working with the stack

Reading time6 min
Views7.6K
I propose to look at the internals that are behind the simple lines of initializing of the objects, calling methods, and passing parameters. And, of course, we will use this information in practice — we will subtract the stack of the calling method.

Disclaimer


Before proceeding with the story, I strongly recommend you to read the first post about StructLayout, there is an example that will be used in this article.

All code behind the high-level one is presented for the debug mode, because it shows the conceptual basis. JIT optimization is a separate big topic that will not be covered here.

I would also like to warn that this article does not contain material that should be used in real projects.

First — theory


Any code eventually becomes a set of machine commands. Most understandable is their representation in the form of Assembly language instructions that directly correspond to one (or several) machine instructions.

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