В США для разведывательного ведомства разрабатывают суперкомпьютер на сверхпроводниках

[DancingOnWater]

Думаю, что уместно поместить ссылку на вики по сверхпроводимой логике

[a5b]

Интересно, что часть работ по логике на сверхпроводниках проводилась в МГУ

www.nsa.gov/research/tnw/tnw203/articles/article2.shtml

One beyond-CMOS technology, digital integrated circuits based on superconductive single-flux-quantum (SFQ) logic, offers a combination of high-speed and ultralow power dissipation unmatched by any other device. First pioneered [7, 8] at Moscow State University in the 1980s by a team led by Professor Konstantin Likharev [9], SFQ technology has seen a resurgence to address the needs of exascale computing.

Operating at cryogenic temperatures, SFQ devices are based on physical phenomena unique to superconductive circuits. Early SFQ research emphasized ultrahigh-speed operation, highlighted by the experimental demonstration reported in 1999 of an SFQ toggle flip-flop operating at an astounding 770 gigahertz (GHz) [10]. Since then, the emphasis for computing applications has shifted towards energy efficiency. Recent advances in SFQ architectures have allowed researchers to develop small-scale, high-speed computational circuits that dissipate more than one thousand times less power than state-of-the-art silicon CMOS circuits—a large energy advantage even after taking into account power for cryogenic cooling. As a result, superconducting SFQ electronics technology may prove advantageous for the future of high-performance computing [11].

Заметка менеджера C3 из IARPA: «Energy-efficient superconducting computing coming up to speed» (The Next Wave | Vol. 20 | No. 2 | 2013) www.nsa.gov/research/tnw/tnw202/article5.shtml

[a5b]

Подробный обзор технологий и проблем от 2005 года: www.nitrd.gov/pubs/nsa/sta.pdf