It is an efficient searching technique. Searching is a widespread operation on any data structure. Hashing is used to search specific records from a large domain of records. If we can efficiently search a record out of  many records, we easily perform different operations on that data. Hashing is storing and retrieving data from the database in the order of O(1) time. We can also call it the mapping technique because we try to map smaller values into larger values by using hashing.

Following are the significant terminologies related to hashing

Search Key

In the database, we usually perform searching with the help of some keys. These keys are called search keys. If we take the student data, then we search by some registration number. This registration number is a search key. We have to put the search keys in hash tables.

Hash Table

It is a data structure that provides us the methodology to store data properly. A hash table is shown below. It is similar to an array. And we have indexes in it also like an array.

Searching is the method to search for a specific element in a group of an element. It needs a unique identity that is associated with the desired element. As a unique identity of that desired element has been found, the index to that desired element is returned.  The index indicates the location or address where that specific element has been found in the list elements of the array. If the desired data is found, particular data has been returned. Otherwise, it returned a null value.

There are several categories of search algorithms such as:

In the previous article we refreshed our memory of WebRTC CDN and the ways this technology helps to minimize latency for WebRTC streams. We also discussed why load balancing and autoscaling wouldn't be amiss in CDNs. Here are the main points from the article:

The modern browsers do not give users a choice between using WebRTC and not using it. And while you can playback streams using HLS or MSE, WebRTC remains the only tool for capturing camera feeds and publishing streams from a browser. The browser developers have accepted this "format" and integrated it into their products – just as they used to support the Flash Player as a plugin. The only difference is that WebRTC comes natively integrated into the browser — as code, not a plugin. If, in a few years, a new and better library for video streaming is introduced they will undoubtedly make a switch. But these days, Chrome maintains its dominance, so no contenders for WebRTC are in sight.

We know many ways to detect performance problems, such as extremely low speed and high memory consumption. Usually tests, developers, or testers detect such applications' drawbacks. In the worst case, users find weaknesses and report back. Alas, detecting defects is only the first step. Next, we should localize the problem. Otherwise, we won't solve it. Here comes a question - how to find weak points that lead to excessive memory consumption and slow down in a large project? Are there such at all? Maybe it's not about the application? So now you're reading a story how PVS-Studio C# developers encountered a similar problem and managed to solve it.

Setting up Atom for working with python is quite a tricky task. I've spent a lot of time making it work. Autocompleting, autoformatting, type hints, and much more will be available to you after reading this tutorial.

The vast majority of IT specialists in various fields strive to perform manually as few actions as possible. I won't be afraid of the loud words: what can be automatized, must be automatized!

Let's imagine a situation: you need to deploy a lot of servers of the same type and do it quickly. Quickly deploy, quickly undeploy. For example, to deploy test rigs for developers. When development is carried out in parallel, you may need to separate the developers, so they don't impede each other and possible errors of one of them don't block the work of the others.

There may be several ways to solve this problem:

These days, video streaming mobile apps have been witnessed with an increased spike of subscribers & now much video content is being much cherished without any interruptions via a streaming app. 

This is duly because catering to the prerequisite needs of end-users have popularized several VOD streaming services that has bought keen interest as compared to to the big black box which is slowly diminishing its presence. 

According to recent forecasted data, there is a positive anticipation of the entire VOD streaming  platform development’s  market to expand its size & peak its value by $842.93 billion by the year 2027! Source: Softermii 

The new issue of DataScienceDigest is here!

Machine learning in healthcare, the top 10 TED talks on AI, fraud detection in Uber, DatasetGAN, Text-to-Image generation via transformers, and more…

As you know, YouTube doesn't have a feature for capturing an RTSP stream, but we would like to change this and help YouTube to make their viewers happy.

When building any kind of application, it is often seen that a certain functionality is needed again and again at different points. It could be the functionality to display something in a certain way or retrieve data from a source, to name a few examples. Such a common case like this can appear in all kinds of development, be it front-end or back-end. A robust front-end development framework like Angular handles such a case by allowing the development of objects that can be imported by any part as needed. These objects can extract some common logic or data are known as services.

This article helps you understand what Angular services are and what are the different kinds of use-cases they can be used in. Angular services are not limited to one particular type of job and can contain methods that are repeatedly required by different components of the application. Afterward, this article will show what it is like to code service and what makes it accessible to any of the components.

The Gist Of What Angular Services Are

Given how fundamental components are to Angular applications, it is important to briefly go through them to further understand any other concept, like services. Apart from that, components and services are often confused with each other as well. Hence, it is necessary to refresh our understanding of components.

Components are the very backbone of Angular applications. All the different functionalities or visual elements of the application are attributed to a component. Every component contains the working logic for the functionality or visual element and the instructions for its visual rendering. Every Angular application is based on a tree of components. In the component tree, every component working is dependent on or consists of, other component(s).

Impressive web development is the result of a successful synergy of robust back-end and an appealing front-end. Usually, the back-end is thought to be the ‘brains’ of a webpage and the front-end is merely the shiny exterior. However, with the right front-end development framework, powerful computations can happen directly on the front-end as well. Angular happens to be one of such impressive front-end development frameworks. Through its templates, Angular offers the opportunity for data to be processed and formatted in a certain way right there in the HTML code. This is made possible through functions with easy-to-understand syntax and usage, and they are called pipes.

This article will serve as a quick guide to tell you all the meaty stuff to know about pipes and how to effectively use them. Pipes come in various types and can significantly simplify data collection and processing in use cases where the front-end is the main gateway of obtaining the data. The article will also discuss how pipes are tested during the unit testing of Angular applications (which is not as difficult as it may seem for some).

The Ins And Outs Of Angular Pipes

Before moving on to discussing Angular pipes, it is imperative to understand what Angular components and templates are. Pipes are present in the template part of the component, making it necessary to understand the former to grasp the utility of the latter.

Angular applications are fundamentally made up of units called components. Each component is centered around a certain functionality or visual aspect of the application. These components are self-contained and consist of both its working logic along with instructions about its visual rendering. The latter is stored in what are called templates. Templates are simply HTML code that can be in the form of a separate file or inline code within the @Component decorator (which is written in TypeScript). An example of an Angular component can be seen below.

All the popular frameworks used in the world of front-end development have different approaches to the tools offered for development. However, almost all frameworks focus on providing as much encapsulation as possible. More encapsulation would mean that the developer does not need to worry about nitty-gritty details and the client does not see what they don’t need to see. This leads to a smoother development and an easy-to-understand view of the application to the client. The popular front-end development framework Angular exhibits this principle in many different ways. One of the most prominent examples being through the use of templates.

This article explains what templates are and how Angular uses them to further streamline the front-end development process. Through templates, a developer is able to keep the graphical layout of an aspect of the Angular application separate from its working logic. However, communication between the graphical and logical parts is still possible. This article will take you through to make use of these templates and some of the more advanced functionality they can offer.

Understanding Angular Templates

Before moving on to discussing templates, it is important to grasp what Angular components are. After all, a template is an integral part of a component. Through components, we will be able to better understand the purpose and workings of a template.

At the fundamental level of any Angular application lies a tree of components. Each bigger component is connected to a child component(s) that it can pass data on to and invoke the creation of. Each component is associated with a certain functionality of the application and this modular nature helps with a more sophisticated development process. The Angular component is self-contained, in the sense that it consists of the working logic for the functionality and its visual representation. While the former is defined through a class, the latter is done through a template.

The PVS-Studio website turns 15 this year. This is quite significant for any internet resource. Back then, when our website was born, Russia announced 2006 as a year of humanities. That same year, in June, Denis Kryuchkov established a new platform, "Habrhabr" (now known as Habr). In November, Microsoft officially completed OS Windows Vista. That same month we registered the viva64.com domain.

We celebrated our domain's 10th anniversary with the website's redesign. After that, we would only change the resource capacity and features, but we'd never touch the design in any way. During this time, the number of articles grew so much that we needed to add tags to facilitate navigation. Right now we are also working on our YouTube channel. This means, you will see more and more new videos on our website as well. We keep adding new web pages at a tremendous rate, while the website's usability stays the same.

Time has come for big changes!

The idea to build a 4th order low-pass filter looks simple: add one more feedback loop. But there are pitfalls, as always.

Do you like the '?.' operator? Well, who doesn't? Many people like these concise null checks. However, today's article shows that the '?.' operator may be tricky sometimes. That is, it can create an illusion of safety when used in the foreach loop.

I have already written about AIOps and machine learning methods in working with IT incidents, about hybrid umbrella monitoring and various approaches to service management. Now I would like to share a very specific algorithm, how one can quickly get information about functioning conditions of business applications using synthetic monitoring and how to build, on this basis, the health metric of business services at no special cost. The story is based on a real case of implementing the algorithm into the IT system of one of the airlines.

Currently there are many APM systems, such as Appdynamics, Dynatrace, and others, having a UX control module inside that uses synthetic checks. And if the task is to learn about failures quicker than customers, I will tell you why all these APM systems are not needed. Also, nowadays health metrics are a fashionable feature of APM and I will show how you can build them without APM. 

Nowadays a lot of product managers have to confirm most of their decisions with AB-tests. Yet, it is far not always clear how to choose the parameters for the test. A particularly difficult parameter to tune is often the level of statistical significance. If we choose too high level - tests will fail even though improvements do exist. If we choose too low level - we'll be getting lots of "confirmations" of false improvements.

When we make decisions based on AB-tests, once in a while we'll be making mistakes. We can limit the losses caused by such mistakes by choosing the appropriate level of statistical significance.

New issue of DataScienceDigest is here! OpenAI is launching a $100 million startup fund, Albumentations 1.0 has been released, lessons on ML platforms, image cropping on Twitter, and more.

A basic data structure in computer science is the “associative array” known as a “map”. This structure is called a “dictionary”. Dictionaries are being used when you have key-value pairs of the information. Inputs are called keys, and outputs are called values. A dictionary is the abstract data type that can store elements so that they can be positioned quickly by using keys. Dictionary is like a container that will have a searchable assortment of items. Each item in the dictionary is stored as a key-value pair. In a dictionary, we can store multiple items with the same key.

Dictionary consists of multiple elements in terms of key and value pair. Both key and value are considered as one single pair. This is called mapping. Elements of the dictionary are enclosed in curly brackets in terms of key and value pairs. Dictionaries enable us to work with key-value pairs. Key-value pairs are two linked values where the key is the unique identifier where we can discover our data and the value is that the information.

Dictionary maps key-value pairs. It is a collection data type that has key-value pairs. A dictionary does not contain any duplicate members.

It is unordered and stores data values like a map. Thus, it is similar to the real-life dictionary with distinct key values. In a dictionary, we use keys as indexes to access elements.

The dictionary helps us to organize the collection of data. It is a special data type. Its syntax is: