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Правда я не читал внимательно… по-диагонали. Мне за это не платят, а читать английский текст мне трудно и тема волнует мало.
We report on fundamental discovery of conversion of amorphous carbon into diamond by irradiating amorphous carbon films with nanosecond lasers at room-temperature in air at atmospheric pressure. We can create diamond in the form of nanodiamond (size range <100 nm) and microdiamond (>100 nm). Nanosecond laser pulses are used to melt amorphous diamondlike carbon and create a highly undercooled state, from which various forms of diamond can be formed upon cooling. The quenching from the super undercooled state results in nucleation of nanodiamond. It is found that microdiamonds grow out of highly undercooled state of carbon, with nanodiamond acting as seed crystals.
By quenching the carbon from the super undercooled state, we have created a new state of carbon (Q-carbon) [...] The Q-carbon quenched from liquid is a new state of solid carbon with a higher mass density than amorphous carbon and a mixture of mostly four-fold sp3 (75-85%) and the rest three-fold sp2 bonded carbon (with distinct entropy). It is expected to have new and improved mechanical hardness, electrical conductivity, chemical and physical properties, including room-temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM) and enhanced field emission. Here we present interesting results on RTFM, enhanced electrical conductivity, and surface potential of Q-carbon to emphasize its unique properties. The Q-carbon exhibits robust bulk ferromagnetism with estimated Curie temperature of about 500K and saturation magnetization value of 20 emu/g.Откуда берется ферромагнетизм?
Nanosecond laser pulses are used to melt amorphous diamondlike carbon and create a highly undercooled state, from which various forms of diamond can be formed upon cooling.
The amorphous carbon films containing both sp2 and sp3 bonding states were deposited on sapphire (c-plane) and glass substrates by using KrF laser (pulse duration = 25 ns, wavelength = 248 nm, energy density = 3.0 J cm−2) to a thickness of 50-500 nm. These films were characterized by TEM and Raman and found to be amorphous containing Raman signature on sapphire (Diamondlike Carbon (DLC) broad peak = 1580 cm−1) with estimated sp3 fraction varying from 20% to 50%. The Raman spectra for films on glass substrates, contained D (1349 cm−1) and G (1580 cm−1) peaks with considerably less sp3 around 20%-25%. The films on sapphire contained a single broad peak centered on 1580 cm−1 with sp3 fraction over 40%. These films were irradiated in air with ArF laser pulses (pulse duration = 20 ns, wavelength = 193 nm, energy density = 0.3-0.6 J cm−2).
Учёные получили новую форму углерода, магнитную и твёрже алмаза