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Mathematics

Mother of all sciences

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  • kryma January 20, 2021 at 12:16 PM

    Doing «Data Science» even if you have never heard the words before

    • Python,
    • Algorithms,
    • Mathematics,
    • Machine learning,
    • Artificial Intelligence

      There’s a lot of talk about machine learning nowadays. A big topic – but, for a lot of people, covered by this terrible layer of mystery. Like black magic – the chosen ones’ art, above the mere mortal for sure. One keeps hearing the words “numpy”, “pandas”, “scikit-learn” - and looking each up produces an equivalent of a three-tome work in documentation.

      I’d like to shatter some of this mystery today. Let’s do some machine learning, find some patterns in our data – perhaps even make some predictions. With good old Python only – no 2-gigabyte library, and no arcane knowledge needed beforehand.

      Interested? Come join us.

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      • 0
      • 330
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    • WhiteBlackGoose November 19, 2020 at 09:47 AM

      Jupyter for .NET. «Like Python»

      • .NET,
      • C#,
      • Mathematics,
      • F#
      • Translation
      A few months ago Microsoft announced about the creation of Jupyter for .NET. However, people are barely interested in it despite how attractive the topic is. I decided to make a LaTeX wrapper for the Entity class from a symbolic algebra library:



      Looks awesome. Is simple. Very enjoyable. Let's see more!
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      • +2
      • 758
      • Comment
    • KRRGuest July 14, 2020 at 11:55 AM

      Objects Representations for Machine Learning system based on Lattice Theory

      • Mathematics,
      • Machine learning

        This is a fourth article in the series of works (see also first one, second one, and third one) describing Machine Learning system based on Lattice Theory named 'VKF-system'. The program uses Markov chain algorithms to generate causes of the target property through computing random subset of similarities between some subsets of training objects. This article describes bitset representations of objects to compute these similarities as bit-wise multiplications of corresponding encodings. Objects with discrete attributes require some technique from Formal Concept Analysis. The case of objects with continuous attributes asks for logistic regression, entropy-based separation of their ranges into subintervals, and a presentation corresponding to the convex envelope for subintervals those similarity is computed.


        got idea!

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        • +5
        • 911
        • Comment
      • KRRGuest July 12, 2020 at 08:50 PM

        Mathematics of Machine Learning based on Lattice Theory

        • Mathematics,
        • Machine learning

          This is a third article in the series of works (see also first one and second one) describing Machine Learning system based on Lattice Theory named 'VKF-system'. It uses structural (lattice theoretic) approach to representing training objects and their fragments considered to be causes of the target property. The system computes these fragments as similarities between some subsets of training objects. There exists the algebraic theory for such representations, called Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). However the system uses randomized algorithms to remove drawbacks of the unrestricted approach. The details follow…
          Areas of Formal Concept Analysis

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          • 1k
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        • Please pay attention

        • daryamal April 27, 2020 at 12:02 AM

          MEMS accelerometers, magnetometers and orientation angles

          • Global Positioning Systems,
          • Algorithms,
          • Mathematics,
          • Robotics
          • Translation


          When it's necessary to evaluate the orientation angles of an object you may have the question — which MEMS sensor to choose. Sensors manufacturers provide a great amount of different parameters and it may be hard to understand if the sensor fit your needs.

          Brief: this article is the description of the Octave/Matlab script which allows to estimate the orientation angles evaluation errors, derived from MEMS accelerometers and magnetometers measurements. The input data for the script are datasheet parameters for the sensors. Article can be useful for those who start using MEMS sensors in their devices. You can find the project on GitHub.
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          • +5
          • 2.5k
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        • WhiteBlackGoose February 1, 2020 at 10:06 PM

          Developing a symbolic-expression library with C#. Differentiation, simplification, equation solving and many more

          • Open source,
          • Programming,
          • .NET,
          • C#,
          • Mathematics
            Hello!

            Why does programming a calculator seem to be a task, which every beginner undertakes? History might have the answer — computers were created for this exact purpose. Unlike the beginners, we will develop a smart calculator, which, although won't reach the complexity of SymPy, will be able to perform such algebraic operations as differentiation, simplification, and equations solving, will have built-in latex support, and have implemented features such as compilation to speed up the computations.

            What are the articles about?
            It will superficially tell about assembling an expression, parsing from a string, variable substitution, analytic derivative, equation numerical solving, and definite integration, rendering to LaTeX format, complex numbers, compiling functions, simplifying, expanding brackets, and blah blah blah.
            For those who urgently need to clone something, repository link.

            Let's do it!
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            • +4
            • 2.3k
            • Comment
          • Shapelez November 7, 2019 at 09:45 AM

            How elliptic curve cryptography works in TLS 1.3

            • Qrator Labs corporate blog,
            • Information Security,
            • Cryptography,
            • Algorithms,
            • Mathematics
              image

              A couple of reader alerts:

              In order to (somewhat) simplify the description process and tighten the volume of the article we are going to write, it is essential to make a significant remark and state the primary constraint right away — everything we are going to tell you today on the practical side of the problematics is viable only in terms of TLS 1.3. Meaning that while your ECDSA certificate would still work in TLS 1.2 if you wish it worked, providing backwards compatibility, the description of the actual handshake process, cipher suits and client-server benchmarks covers TLS 1.3 only. Of course, this does not relate to the mathematical description of algorithms behind modern encryption systems.

              This article was written by neither a mathematician nor an engineer — although those helped to find a way around scary math and reviewed this article. Many thanks to Qrator Labs employees.

              (Elliptic Curve) Diffie-Hellman (Ephemeral)

              The Diffie–Hellman legacy in the 21 century

              Of course, this has started with neither Diffie nor Hellman. But to provide a correct timeline, we need to point out main dates and events.

              There were several major personas in the development of modern cryptography. Most notably, Alan Turing and Claud Shannon both laid an incredible amount of work over the field of theory of computation and information theory as well as general cryptanalysis, and both Diffie and Hellman, are officially credited for coming up with the idea of public-key (or so-called asymmetric) cryptography (although it is known that in the UK there were made serious advances in cryptography that stayed under secrecy for a very long time), making those two gentlemen pioneers.

              In what exactly?
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              • 11.4k
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            • Sergey_Kovalenko October 29, 2019 at 05:33 PM

              A City Without Traffic Jams

              • Algorithms,
              • Mathematics,
              • Transport,
              • Urbanism

                Chapter 2.
                (the link to Chapter 1)

                The Art of Designing Road Networks


                Transport problems of a city through the eyes of a Computer Scientist


                If I were recommended an article with the title “The Art of Designing Road Networks,” I would immediately ask how many road networks were built with the participation of its author. I must admit, my professional activity was far from road construction and was recently associated with the design of microprocessors where I, among other responsibilities, was engaged in the resource consumption of data switching. At that time my table stood just opposite the panoramic window which opened up a beautiful view of the long section of the Volgograd Highway and part of the Third Transport Ring with their endless traffic jams from morning to evening, from horizon to horizon. One day, I had a sudden shock of recognition: “The complexities of the data switching process that I struggle with on a chip may be similar to the difficulties the cars face as they flow through the labyrinth of road network”.
                Probably, this view from the outside and the application of methods that were not traditional for the area in question gave me a chance to understand the cause of traffic jams and make recommendations on how to overcome the problem in practice.
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                • +13
                • 2.2k
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              • c3dlabs September 4, 2019 at 04:39 PM

                Polygonal Mesh to B-Rep Solid Conversion: Algorithm Details and C++ Code Samples

                • C++,
                • Working with 3D-graphics,
                • CAD/CAM,
                • Mathematics
                  Boundary representation (B-rep) is the primary method of representing modeled objects in most geometric kernels, including our C3D Modeler kernel. The core algorithms that edit models, such as applying fillet operations, performing cutting operations, and obtaining flat projections require the precision of B-rep representations. The rapidly growing variety of 3D data in polygonal formats makes the task of model transformations from polygons into boundary representation increasingly relevant. As a result, we developed a new SDK, C3D B-Shaper, which is part of our C3D Toolkit.

                  image
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                  • +6
                  • 1.5k
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                • potan August 14, 2019 at 03:16 PM

                  How to Catch a Cat with TLA+

                  • Waves corporate blog,
                  • Programming,
                  • System Analysis and Design,
                  • Mathematics,
                  • Logic games
                    Many programmers struggle when using formal methods to solve problems within their programs, as those methods, while effective, can be unreasonably complex. To understand why this happens, let’s use the model checking method to solve a relatively easy puzzle:

                    Conditions


                    You’re in a hallway with seven doors on one side leading to seven rooms. A cat is hiding in one of these rooms. Your task is to catch the cat. Opening a door takes one step. If you guess the correct door, you catch the cat. If you do not guess the correct door, the cat runs to the next room.
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                    • +9
                    • 1.2k
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                  • galinawri April 17, 2019 at 05:38 AM

                    Version 12 Launches Today! (And It’s a Big Jump for Wolfram Language and Mathematica)

                    • Wolfram Research corporate blog,
                    • Programming,
                    • Mathematics,
                    • Machine learning,
                    • Cryptocurrencies


                      Quick links


                      — The Road to Version 12
                      — First, Some Math
                      — The Calculus of Uncertainty
                      — Classic Math, Elementary and Advanced
                      — More with Polygons
                      — Computing with Polyhedra
                      — Euclid-Style Geometry Made Computable
                      — Going Super-Symbolic with Axiomatic Theories
                      — The n-Body Problem
                      — Language Extensions & Conveniences
                      — More Machine Learning Superfunctions
                      — The Latest in Neural Networks
                      — Computing with Images
                      — Speech Recognition & More with Audio
                      — Natural Language Processing
                      — Computational Chemistry
                      — Geographic Computing Extended
                      — Lots of Little Visualization Enhancements
                      — Tightening Knowledgebase Integration
                      — Integrating Big Data from External Databases
                      — RDF, SPARQL and All That
                      — Numerical Optimization
                      — Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis
                      — New, Sophisticated Compiler
                      — Calling Python & Other Languages
                      — More for the Wolfram “Super Shell”
                      — Puppeting a Web Browser
                      — Standalone Microcontrollers
                      — Calling the Wolfram Language from Python & Other Places
                      — Linking to the Unity Universe
                      — Simulated Environments for Machine Learning
                      — Blockchain (and CryptoKitty) Computation
                      — And Ordinary Crypto as Well
                      — Connecting to Financial Data Feeds
                      — Software Engineering & Platform Updates
                      — And a Lot Else…

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                      • +9
                      • 2.1k
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                    • Alteke27 April 10, 2019 at 02:13 PM

                      Estimation of VaR and ConVaR for the stock price of the Kazakhstani company

                      • Mathematics,
                      • Research and forecasts in IT,
                      • Finance in IT

                        The last decades the world economy regularly falls into this vortex of financial crises that have affected each country. It almost led to the collapse of the existing financial system, due to this fact, experts in mathematical and economic modelling have become to use methods for controlling the losses of the asset and portfolio in the financial world (Lechner, L. A., and Ovaert, T. C. (2010). There is an increasing trend towards mathematical modelling of an economic process to predict the market behaviour and an assessment of its sustainability (ibid). Having without necessary attention to control and assess properly threats, everybody understands that it is able to trigger tremendous cost in the development of the organisation or even go bankrupt.


                        Value at Risk (VaR) has eventually been a regular approach to catch the risk among institutions in the finance sector and its regulator (Engle, R., and Manganelli S., 2004). The model is originally applied to estimate the loss value in the investment portfolio within a given period of time as well as at a given probability of occurrence. Besides the fact of using VaR in the financial sector, there are a lot of examples of estimation of value at risk in different area such as anticipating the medical staff to develop the healthcare resource management Zinouri, N. (2016). Despite its applied primitiveness in a real experiment, the model consists of drawbacks in evaluation, (ibid).


                        The goal of the report is a description of the existing VaR model including one of its upgrade versions, namely, Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR). In the next section and section 3, the evaluation algorithm and testing of the model are explained. For a vivid illustration, the expected loss is estimated on the asset of one of the Kazakhstani company trading in the financial stock exchange market in a long time period. The final sections 4 and 5 discuss and demonstrate the findings of the research work.

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                        • +13
                        • 918
                        • Comment
                      • munsocket February 13, 2019 at 01:19 AM

                        How do technical indicators on stock market actually work?

                        • Open source,
                        • Mathematics,
                        • Statistics in IT,
                        • Finance in IT
                          Anyone, who has ever been interested in stocks or cryptocurrencies has seen these additional lines on charts. You may have heard the opinions that they don’t work. But they greatly improve my trading ability, while displaying alot of important data. But how are they actually works? And to whom it can be useful?

                          You should definitely read this if:

                          1. You use them in day trading
                          2. You are planning to write a trading bot
                          3. If you want to implement a trading strategy or indicators by yourself


                          Read more →
                          • +15
                          • 1.4k
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                        • c3dlabs January 22, 2019 at 07:11 PM

                          The Fall and Recovery of a Mold

                          • АСКОН corporate blog,
                          • CAD/CAM,
                          • Mathematics
                            Software component developers tend to be far removed from the end users of the products in which their components are employed. Recently, however, we connected directly with a KOMPAS-3D MCAD user to solve an issue involving mold design. It seems that 3D models were being exported incorrectly to data exchange formats like STP, X_T, and SAT. The cause, unhappily for us, turned out to be in our С3D Modeler geometric modeling kernel. Here is how we solved the problem, quickly.

                            image
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                            • +26
                            • 1.2k
                            • 1
                          • alextavgen January 16, 2019 at 11:36 AM

                            Time Series Modelling

                            • Python,
                            • Mathematics
                            • Tutorial
                            This is a short article about understanding time series and main characteristics behind that.

                            Problem statement


                            We have time-series data with daily and weekly regularity. We want to find the way how to model this data in an optimal way.


                            Читать дальше →
                            • +18
                            • 5.8k
                            • Comment
                          • khdavid January 16, 2019 at 01:10 AM

                            Kalman Filter

                            • Algorithms,
                            • Mathematics
                            • Translation
                            • Tutorial


                            There are a lot of different articles on Kalman filter, but it is difficult to find the one which contains an explanation, where all filtering formulas come from. I think that without understanding of that this science becomes completely non understandable. In this article I will try to explain everything in a simple way.

                            Kalman filter is very powerful tool for filtering of different kinds of data. The main idea behind this that one should use an information about the physical process. For example, if you are filtering data from a car’s speedometer then its inertia give you a right to treat a big speed deviation as a measuring error. Kalman filter is also interesting by the fact that in some way it is the best filter. We will discuss precisely what does it mean. In the end of the article I will show how it is possible to simplify the formulas.
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                            • +21
                            • 4.4k
                            • 1
                          • cointegrated October 21, 2018 at 11:12 AM

                            How linear algebra is applied in machine learning

                            • Mathematics,
                            • Machine learning

                              When you study an abstract subject like linear algebra, you may wonder: why do you need all these vectors and matrices? How are you going to apply all this inversions, transpositions, eigenvector and eigenvalues for practical purposes?


                              Well, if you study linear algebra with the purpose of doing machine learning, this is the answer for you.


                              In brief, you can use linear algebra for machine learning on 3 different levels:


                              • application of a model to data;
                              • training the model;
                              • understanding how it works or why it does not work.

                              drawing
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