Код Хэмминга. Пример работы алгоритма

#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <limits.h>

int get_bit(const void *in, size_t n)
{
    return (((const uint8_t*)in)[n / CHAR_BIT] & (1 << (n % CHAR_BIT))) != 0;
}

void set_bit(void *out, size_t n, int bit)
{
    if (bit)
        ((uint8_t*)out)[n / CHAR_BIT] |= (1 << (n % CHAR_BIT));
    else
        ((uint8_t*)out)[n / CHAR_BIT] &= ~(1 << (n % CHAR_BIT));
}

void flip_bit(void *out, size_t n)
{
    ((uint8_t*)out)[n / CHAR_BIT] ^= (1 << (n % CHAR_BIT));
}

size_t encode(void *out, const void *in, size_t in_bits)
{
    size_t i, j, k;
    unsigned s = 0;

    for (i = j = 0; j < in_bits; ++i) {
        if ((i + 1) & i) {
            if (get_bit(in, j))
                s ^= i + 1;
            set_bit(out, i, get_bit(in, j));
            ++j;
        }
    }
    for (k = 1; k < i; k <<= 1) {
        set_bit(out, k - 1, s & k);
    }
    return i;
}

size_t decode(void *out, const void *in, size_t in_bits, unsigned *out_syndrome)
{
    size_t i, j;
    unsigned s = 0;

    for (i = j = 0; i < in_bits; ++i) {
        if (get_bit(in, i))
            s ^= i + 1;
        if ((i + 1) & i) {
            set_bit(out, j, get_bit(in, i));
            ++j;
        }
    }
    *out_syndrome = s;
    return j;
}

size_t decode_and_fix(void *out, const void *in, size_t in_bits)
{
    unsigned s;
    size_t out_bits = decode(out, in, in_bits, &s);

    if (s && s <= in_bits && (s & (s - 1))) {
        unsigned k;

        for (k = 0; 1u << k < s; ++k);
        flip_bit(out, s - k - 1);
    }
    return out_bits;
}

int main()
{
    char habr[4] = "habr";
    char encoded[5];
    char decoded[4];
    unsigned s;
    size_t i;

    size_t encoded_bits = encode(encoded, habr, sizeof(habr) * CHAR_BIT);
    size_t decoded_bits = decode(decoded, encoded, encoded_bits, &s);
    assert(s == 0);
    assert(encoded_bits == sizeof(habr) * CHAR_BIT + 6);
    assert(decoded_bits == sizeof(habr) * CHAR_BIT);
    assert(memcmp(habr, decoded, sizeof(habr)) == 0);

    for (i = 0; i < encoded_bits; ++i) {
        flip_bit(encoded, i);
        decoded_bits = decode(decoded, encoded, encoded_bits, &s);
        decoded_bits = decode_and_fix(decoded, encoded, encoded_bits);
        assert(decoded_bits == sizeof(habr) * CHAR_BIT);
        assert(memcmp(habr, decoded, sizeof(habr)) == 0);
        flip_bit(encoded, i);
    }
    return 0;
}