In various discussions, we have already commented on how the PVS-Studio C and C++ module works with memory. Now it's time to make a small article from this comment.
Playing with null: Checking MonoGame with the PVS-Studio analyzer

The PVS-Studio analyzer often checks code of libraries, frameworks, and engines for game development. Today we check another project — MonoGame, a low-level gamedev framework written in C#.
Queries in PostgreSQL. Query execution stages

Hello! I'm kicking off another article series about the internals of PostgreSQL. This one will focus on query planning and execution mechanics.
In the first article we will split the query execution process into stages and discuss what exactly happens at each stage.
Stop losing clients! Or how a developer can test a website, by the example of PVS-Studio. Part 1

A website with bugs could be a real pain in the neck for business. Just one 404 or 500 error could end up costing an obscene amount of money for the company and hurt a good reputation. But there is a way to avoid this issue: the website testing. That's sort of what this article is about. After reading this article, you will learn how to test code in Django, create your "own website tester" and much more. Welcome to the article.
MuditaOS: Will your alarm clock go off? Part I

Operating systems are a kind of software where code quality is critical. This time the PVS-Studio analyzer checked MuditaOS. So let's take a look at what the static analyzer found in this open-source OS.
Introduction to Engineering

This is a set of chapters for young engineers. We give practical advice and discuss goals, challenges and approaches used in modern software engineering.
Along with classical foundations this article contains original ideas of conceptualizing engineer's work with emphasis on bringing order to the situation and finding an insight. Engineering is approached as work in uncertainty with other people which requires special skills. Non-obvious complications regarding modern production in big companies are discussed.
This article is based on 15 years of experience in engineering and management in high-tech industries.
PVS-Studio for Visual Studio 2022

The PVS-Studio team writes articles on various topics. But we rarely make articles on how to interact with the analyzer. Let's fix it with an article about the PVS-Studio plugin for the Visual Studio 2022 environment.
IT risk management

When you have an IT, which supports all aspects of your organization automated performance and you have a firm confidence that IT executes well, there is always a chance that something could go wrong in technology or in related IT processes. Depending on complexity of IT environment varieties of risks scenarios could arise. This article as a summary of different faithworthy sources aims to help you in getting high level understanding on what could go wrong and how you can predict it in a more conscious way.
My name is Maxim Tornov and I have been working in various IT areas for a long period of time. Since then, for over 14 years I am working in the area of IT/IS risk management with focus on in IT/IS audits, internal control implementation and assessment.
I am sure that at the present the topic of Information Technologies risk management became more vital. Organization’s efficiency in IT risk management directly affects the achievement of various organization’s goals, goals which have dependency on IT, those goals may include reliability and efficiency of business processes, the organization's compliance with regulatory requirements, the integrity of financial reporting, and many others.
I sincerely hope that this material will be useful to you and may give you some new ideas that you can contribute to the benefit of your personal development and the development of your organization's risk management culture.
Q4 2021 DDoS attacks and BGP incidents

2021 was an action-packed year for Qrator Labs.
It started with the official celebration of our tenth year anniversary, continued with massive routing incidents, and ended with the infamous Meris botnet we reported back in September.
Now it is time to look at the events of the last quarter of 2021. There are interesting details in the BGP section, like the new records in route leaks and hijacking ASes, but first things first, as we start with the DDoS attacks statistics.
Re-checking PascalABC.NET
Welcome all fans of clean code! Today we analyze the PascalABC.NET project. In 2017, we already found errors in this project. We used two static analysis tools (more precisely, plugins for SonarQube): SonarC# and PVS-Studio. Today, we analyze this project with the latest version of the PVS-Studio analyzer for C#. Let's see what errors we can find today, especially when our analyzer has become more advanced and got new features: it can find more exquisite errors and potential vulnerabilities.
ACME-client for Tarantool
Link to GitHub. More details about the operation of the algorithm and the module can be found here.
The ACME protocol client is used to automatically obtain a security certificate for your site. Basically everyone uses Let's Encrypt to get a free certificate and auto-renewal. But there are other services, such as Zero SSL. It also supports the ACME protocol.
I relied on two articles from Habr (this and this), as well as RFC8555. But the information in them was not enough to implement their own version of the modulation. At least several times higher than several implementations of the module [at another level]. The tests were conducted on a live service, so there are no autotests yet. You can write and init pull request.
The module is written under Linux. Only the second version of the protocol is considered.
Let’s deal with WeChat — the second most popular messenger in the world

- A short excursion into WeChat;
- About the platform, the version of the application, the utilities used and the decryption of the executable file;
- • About two protocols (old one and new one);
- About serialization of objects;
- Used cryptography and key exchange;
- About headers and hash-functions;
- About the exposures found.
Comparing PHP-FPM, NGINX Unit, and Laravel Octane

Comparing PHP-FPM, NGINX Unit, and Laravel Octane - what to choose for developing microservices.
How PVS-Studio prevents rash code changes, example N2
When developers do make mistakes, it's often accidental or because the developers are in a hurry. These errors often make their way into small edits to the code. Let's review one of these cases: a developer fixes an error and introduces a new one simultaneously.
Kernel Queue: The Complete Guide On The Most Essential Technology For High-Performance I/O

When talking about high-performance software we probably think of server software (such as nginx) which processes millions requests from thousands clients in parallel. Surely, what makes server software work so fast is high-end CPU running with huge amount of memory and a very fast network link. But even then, the software must utilize these hardware resources at maximum efficiency level, otherwise it will end up wasting the most of the valuable CPU power for unnecessary kernel-user context switching or while waiting for slow I/O operations to complete.
Thankfully, the Operating Systems have a solution to this problem, and it's called kernel event queue. Server software and OS kernel use this mechanism together to achieve minimum latency and maximum scalability (when serving a very large number of clients in parallel). In this article we are going to talk about FreeBSD, macOS and kqueue, Linux and epoll, Windows and I/O Completion Ports. They all have their similarities and differences which we're going to discuss here. The goal of this article is for you to understand the whole mechanism behind kernel queues and to understand how to work with each API.
The most interesting C# / .NET blogs and websites
Let's take a look at the list of information sources that can be useful for the C# / .NET developers. Our list includes blogs, repositories with source code, standards and accounts of developers who covers the deep aspects of the C# and .NET.
The most interesting blogs and websites for C++ developers
Readers surely have favorite websites and blogs about C++. Hopefully, today your collection will grow.
Top 10 bugs found in C# projects in 2021

In 2021 we published several articles and showed you errors found in open-source projects. The year 2021 ends, which means it's time to present you the traditional top 10 of the most interesting bugs. Enjoy!
Errors and suspicious code fragments in .NET 6 sources
The .NET 6 turned out to be much-awaited and major release. If you write for .NET, you could hardly miss such an event. We also couldn't pass by the new version of this platform. We decided to check what interesting things we can find in the sources of .NET libraries.
PVS-Studio checks the code of Flipper Zero dolphin
Flipper Zero is an open-source multi-tool for geeks and penetration testers. It so happened that the Flipper Zero project and the PVS-Studio analyzer crossed paths. A philosophical question: should we check the project, if the project developers have already started fixing errors? Let's try to do this.
Hubs
Authors' contribution
alizar 94755.8marks 24166.6ru_vds 22948.1alexzfort 14179.0ptsecurity 10987.8XaocCPS 10986.2pronskiy 10649.4m1rko 10382.0ph_piter 10016.5Andrey2008 9911.2