Cardano в 2022: от недееспособной PAB до форсирования конкурентности

Currently, all programming languages ​​can be divided into two categories:Functional programming(Functional programming) and Instructional programming（Imperative programming）

Instructional programming

In simple terms, instructional programming means Developers need to write all the computing steps required by the computer in the code, each step is an instruction。

Almost all traditional programming languages ​​are imperative programming languages ​​such as C++, Java, and even Solidity. So sometimes we also call instructional programming "algorithmic programming".

Give a chestnut, if we implement a requirement in C++: 5+3=? , then the code should be:

 int a = 5;

int b = 3;

int c;

c=a+b

 As can be seen from the above code,To achieve such a simple operation, you need 4 steps,which is:

1. First declare an integer a, assigning it a value of 5;

2. Declare an integer b and assign it a value of 3;

3. Declare an integer c;

4. Add the values ​​of a and b and store them in c

Therefore, such an addition takes a lot of steps, each step affects the state of the entire program, and each step has its own independent operation results.

Functional programming

Functional programming is not the case.

It refers to the way in which computer operations are treated as functions. The most important foundation of a functional programming language is the lambda calculus, and the λ calculus function accepts functions as inputs (parameters) and outputs (return values).

Compared to imperative programming, functional programming emphasizes that the calculation of functions is more important than the execution of instructions.

For example, if there is a function f(x) now, we want to use it to calculate another function g(x), and then use the result to operate with the third function h(x).Unlike instructional programming, we don't need to run and calculate in a row, just write a line of code.：

h(g(f(x)))

therefore,Functional programming is more friendly and safer for solving mathematical problems. In addition, functional languages ​​can also help with formal verification.That is, from a mathematical point of view, what logic is executed by the contract code. This is why Cardano uses a functional language to write contracts (Haskell is also a functional language).

Find out what is functional programming, let's get back to the topic,Then talk about the language of Plutus。

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